HSCs - Differentiation | stemcellscmu

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ADULT STEM CELLS

Image credit: http://vector.childrenshospital.org/2013/10/new-research-on-blood-stem-cells-takes-root/

HSCs constantly replenish dead blood cells
HSCs differentiate into two lineages of blood cells
- Myloid - erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, basophils, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (the last two not drawn in the picture)
- Lymphoid - T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells (not drawn in the picture)
After the lymphoblasts originate from HSCs, some of them migrate to the thymus to mature, becoming T cells, while those remaining in the bone marrow become B cells

WHAT is the fate of

haematopoietic stem cells?

Image credit: http://www.interactive-biology.com/3945/production-and-regulation-of-rbcs/

Erythrocyte (red blood cell): the most common type of blood cells, delivering oxygen to the body tissues

Megakaryocyte: a large bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood thrombocytes (platelets), which are necessary for normal blood clotting

Image credit: http://imagebank.hematology.org/AssetDetail.aspx?AssetID=4141

Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil_granulocyte

Basophil: a type of white blood cells that appear in many inflammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergic symptoms

Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrophil_granulocyte

Neutrophil: a type of white blood cells recruiting and activating other cells of the immune system, and also directly attacking micro-organism

Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil_granulocyte

Eosinophil: a type of white blood cells responsible for combating parasites and certain infections, and controlling mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma

Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocyte

Monocyte: a type of white blood cells which replenish resident macrophages and respond to inflammation signals

Image credit: http://biology.about.com/od/bloodcells/fl/Macrophages.htm

Macrophage: a type of white blood cells developed from monocytes, removing harmful or unwanted substance in the body. The image shows a macrophage capturing bacteria

Image credit: http://scitechdaily.com/rpci-facility-begins-research-study-of-a-dendritic-cell-vaccine/

Dendritic cell: developed from monocytes, processing antigen material and presenting it on the cell surface to the T cells

Image credit: http://www.bdbiosciences.com/sg/research/bcell/

B cell: function in the humoral immunity - secreting antibodies, presenting antigen, secreting cytokines

Image credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T_cell

T cell: function in cell-mediated immunity. Different types of T cells have distinct functions

Image credit: http://www.bdbiosciences.com/sg/research/bcell/

Natural killer cell: destroy bacteria, viruses and infected cells, and respond to tumor formation

Antibody: a large protein used by the immune system to identify and neutralize pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes an antigen.
Antigen: any substance that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it. An antigen binds to specific receptors.
Cytokine: a small protein released by cells and affect the behavior of other cells.

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